The Surface Snowpack as an Active Photochemical Reactor:
Recent Evidence of Impacts on Atmospheric Composition
A growing body of evidence indicates that active
photochemistry occurs on the surfaces of ice grains in polar and mid-latitude
snowpacks. We have recently conducted field studies in Greenland, arctic
Canada, and Michigan that demonstrates significant impacts on the composition
of snowpack interstitial air, which is enriched in a range of trace gases
relative to the overlying atmosphere. These compounds are produced by photochemical
breakdown of compounds in the snow. At the same time, we have discovered
that ozone is destroyed in the snowpack, also through a sunlight-driven
process. Surface snow is quite porous, and air flows through the upper
layers as a result of wind-driven pressure gradients. As a result, snowpack
photochemistry affects the ambient atmosphere. These findings have potentially
significant implications for atmospheric chemistry in remote regions and
interpretation of the ice-core record of past atmospheric composition,
and may affect non-remote midlatitude regions as well. This seminar will
provide an overview of our recent field studies and observations of the
impacts of snow photochemistry, and an introduction to current understanding
of the processes responsible.